I. The Simple Present Tense (Thì Hiện Tại Đơn).
1. Động từ Tobe.
a. Affirmative (Khẳng định).
S + am / is / are + Adj / N / Prep / Adv
(Adj: Tính từ; N: Danh từ; Prep: Giới từ; Adv: Trạng từ)
Ex: - I am fine.
- He is a student.
- They are in the room.
b. Negative (Phủ định).
S + am / is /are + not + Adj / N / Prep
(is not = isn’t; are not = aren’t)
Ex: - I am not fine.
- He is not a student.
- They are not in the room.
c. Positive (Nghi vấn).
Am / Is / Are + S + Adj / N / Prep?
Ex: - Are you fine?
- Is he a student?
2. Động từ thường.
a. Affirmative.
I / We / You / They + V(inf).
[V(inf): Động từ nguyên mẫu]
He / She / It + V(es,s).
Ex: - I go to school everyday.
- He goes to school everyday.
Động từ tận cùng bằng O, S, X, CH, Z, SH +ES, còn lại + S. (Đọc cho dễ nhớ là: O-Ông, S-Say, X-Xỉn, CH-Chó, Z-Dí, SH- Sảng hồn)
b. Negative.
I / We / You / They + do + not + V(inf).
He / She / It + does + not + V(inf).
(do not = don’t; does not = doesn’t)
Ex: - You don’t go to school everyday.
- He doesn’t go to school everyday.
c. Positive.
Do + I / We / You / They + V(inf)?
Does + He / She / It + V(inf)?
Ex: - Do you go to school everyday?
- Does he go to school everyday?
- What does he do everyday?
• Cấu trúc bị động: (Passive voice).
Active (Chủ động): S + V + O
Passive (Bị động): S + am / is /are + V-ed/V3 + by + O
Ex: Active: - I do my exercises.
 My exercises are done by me.
- He helps me everyday.
 I am helped by him everyday.
• Các trạng từ thường gặp: always (luôn luôn), often (thường), usually (thường thường), sometimes (thỉnh thoảng), never (không bao giờ), rarely (hiếm khi), every (mỗi)…
II. The Simple Past Tense (Thì Quá Khứ Đơn).
1. Động từ TOBE.
a. Affirmative.
I / He / She / It + was + Adj / N / Prep
We / You / They + were + Adj / N / Prep
Ex: - I was ill yesterday.
- They were students 5 years ago.
b. Negative.
I / He / She / It + was + not + Adj / N / Prep
We / You / They + were + not + Adj / N / Prep
(was not = wasn’t; were not = weren’t)
Ex: - I was not ill yesterday.
- They were not students 5 years ago.
c. Positive.
Was + I / He / He / It + Adj / N / Prep?
Were + We / You / They + Adj / N / Prep?
Ex: - Was he ill yesterday?
- Were they students 5 years ago?
2. Động từ thường.
a. Affirmative.
S + V-ed / V2
Ex: - I watched TV last night.
- She went to school yesterday.
b. Negative.
S + did + not + V(inf)
(did not = didn’t)
Ex: - I didn’t watch TV last night.
- She didn’t go to school yesterday.
c. Positive.
Did + S + V(inf)?
Ex: - Did you watch TV last night?
- Did she go to school yesterday?
• Passive voice.
Active: S + V-ed / V2 + O
Passive: S + was/were + V-ed / V3 +by + O
Ex: - He helped me yesterday.
 I was helped by him yesterday.
• Các trạng từ thường gặp: ago (cách đây), last (vừa qua, vừa rồi), yesterday (hôm qua).
III. The Present Continuous Tense (Thì Hiện Tại Tiếp Diễn).
1. Affirmative.
S + am / is / are + V-ing (V-ing: Động từ thêm Ing).
Ex: I am watching TV now.
2. Negative.
S + am / is / are + not + V-ing.
Ex: He is not watching TV now.
3. Positive.
Am / Is / Are + S + V-ing?
Ex: Are they watching TV now?
• Passive voice.
Active: S + am / is / are + V-ing + O
Passive: S + am / is / are + being + V-ed / V3 + by + O
Ex: - He is reading a book.
 A book is being read by him.
• Các trạng từ thường gặp: now, at present, at the moment, right now (bây giờ). Listen (hãy lắng nghe), look (hãy nhìn kìa).
IV. The Past Continuous Tense (Thì Quá Khứ Tiếp Diễn).
1. Affirmative.
S + was / were + V-ing.
Ex: I was doing my homework at 7 o’clock last night.
2. Negative.
S + was / were + not + V-ing.
Ex: They were not listening to music at this time yesterday.
3. Positive.
Was / Were + S + V-ing?
Ex: Were you watching TV at 8 o’clock yesterday morning?
• Passive voice.
Active: S + was / were + V-ing + O
Passive: S + was / were + being + V-ed / V3 + by + O
Ex: - He was doing his housework at 7 last night.
 His housework was being done by him at 7 last night.
• Các trạng từ thường gặp: at 7 last night (vào lúc 7 giờ tối qua), at this time yesterday (vào giờ này ngày hôm qua).
V. The Simple Future Tense (Thì Tương Lai Đơn).
1. Affirmative.
S + will + V(inf).
Ex: I will go to the movies tonight.
2. Negative.
S + will + not + V(inf).
(will not = won’t)
Ex: He won’t go to the beach tomorrow.
3. Positive.
Will + S + V(inf)?
Ex: Will you meet him next week?
• Passive voice.
Active: S + will + V + O
Passive: S + will + be + V-ed / V3 + by + O.
Ex: - He will take me to school.
 I will be taken to school by him.
• Các trạng từ thường gặp: tonight (tối nay), tomorrow (ngày mai), next (tới, sắp tới).
VI. The Near Future Tense (Thì Tương Lai Gần).
1. Affirmative.
S + am / is / are + going to + V(inf).
Ex: I’m going to visit Nha Trang this summer vacation.
2. Negative.
S + am / is / are + not + going to + V(inf).
She is not going to cook dinner tonight.
3. Positive.
Am / Is / Are + S + going to + V(inf)?
Ex: Are you going to meet your friend at the airport this afternoon?
• Passive voice.
Active: S + is / am / are + going to + V + O
Passive: S + am / is /are + going to + be + V-ed / V3 + by + O
Ex: He is going to build a house next year.
 A house is going to be built by him next year.
VII. The Present Perfect Tense (Thì Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành).
1. Affirmative.
S + have / has + V-ed / V3
Ex: I have just met my old teacher.
2. Negative.
S + have / has + not + V-ed / V3
(have not = haven’t; has not = hasn’t)
Ex: I have not done my homework.
3. Positive.
Have / Has + S + V-ed / V3?
Ex: Have you finished your work yet?
• Passive.
Active: S + have / has + V-ed / V3 + O
Passive: S + have / has + been + V-ed / V3 + by + O
Ex: They have read these books.
 These books have been read by them.
• Trạng từ thường gặp: for (trong), since (từ), just (vừa mới), already (rồi), recently, lately (gần đây), so far, up to now (cho tới giờ), yet (chưa), ever (đã từng).
VIII. Wish Sentences (Câu Ao Ước).
1. Ao ước ở hiện tại.
S1 + wish + S2 + V-ed / V2 /were
(S1 = S2; S1 ≠ S2)
Ex: - I wish I were a millionaire now.
- I wish I had a lot of money now.
• Ao ước không có thật ở hiện tại.
2. Ao ước ở tương lai.
S1 + wish + S2 + would + V(inf).
Ex: I wish I would be in the USA tomorrow.
• Ao ước ở tương lai.
IX. Conditional Sentences (Câu Điều Kiện).
1. Type 1 (Điều kiện loại 1).
If-Clause (Mệnh đề If) Main Clause (Mệnh đề chính)
S + V(inf) / V(es,s)
S + am / is / are S + will / can / may + V(inf)
Ex: - If I am free, I will visit you.
- If I meet him in the street, I will call you.
• Điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
2. Type 2.
If-Clause (Mệnh đề If) Main Clause (Mệnh đề chính)
S + V-ed / V2
S + were S + would / could / might + V(inf)
Ex: - If I were you, I would help him now.
- If he had enough money, he would buy that car.
• Điều kiện trái với sự thật ở hiện tại hoặc không có thật ở hiện tại.
X. Một số cấu trúc thông dụng.
• Make S.O do something: bắt, ép ai làm gì
Ex: He makes me do all the work everyday.
 I am made to do all the work by him everyday.
• Advise S.O to do S.T: khuyên ai làm gì
• Advise S.O not to do S.T: khuyên ai không làm gì
• Ask S.O to do S.T / tell S.O to do S.T: yêu cầu, bảo ai làm gì
• Ask S.O not to do S.T / tell S.O not to do S.T: yêu cầu, bảo ai không làm gì
• Help S.O (to) do S.T / help S.O with S.T: giúp ai làm gì, giúp ai công việc gì
• Stop S.O doing S.T: ngăn không cho ai làm gì
• Prevent S.O from doing S.T: ngăn không cho ai làm gì
• Let S.O do S.T: cho phép ai làm gì
• Spend time doing S.T: dành thời gian làm gì
• Make + O + Adj (tính từ)
• Get / become / feel / look / keep + Adj.